Wednesday, 24 September 2014

PRINTING OF PERMUTATIONS OF A GIVEN STRING USING FOR LOOP

Here, For loop(instead of recursion) has been used to print all the permutations of a given string in the lexicographic order.
The code executes correctly even for strings having repeated characters. 

For example,
           For the string:aab
           The permutations are: aab,aba,baa.

Source Code:

****************************************************************

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

void swap(char*str,int index1,int index2)/*function to swap two characters of a string str
                                                                     at index1 and index2.*/
{
    char temp;
    temp=str[index1];
    str[index1]=str[index2];
    str[index2]=temp;
}

int compare(const void *a,const void *b)
{
    return strcmp((char*)a,(char*)b);
}

long long findFactorial(int n) //to find factorial of a number.
{
    long long fact=1,i;
    for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
    {
        fact*=i;
    }
    return fact;
}

long long findNumberOfPermutations(char str[]) //to find the no of permutations of a given string.
{
    long long number,repetition,*flag,i;

    flag=(long long *)malloc(sizeof(long long )*128);
    for(i=0;i<128;i++)
        flag[i]=0;
    for(i=0;str[i];i++)
        flag[str[i]]++;

    number=findFactorial(strlen(str));
    for(i=0;i<128;i++)
        if(flag[i]>1)
            number/=findFactorial(flag[i]);
    return number;
}

int findMinimum(char str[],int index1)
{
    /*
        this function returns the index of minimum element in the array
        that is greater that element at index1 but minimum in the array from index1+1 till strlen(str)
    */
    int minIndex,i;
    int min=2147483647;
    for(i=index1+1;i<strlen(str);i++)
    {
        if(str[i]<min && str[i]>str[index1])
        {
            min=str[i];
            minIndex=i;
        }
    }
    return minIndex;
}


void findNextPermutation(char str[]) //to find the next Permutation of string str.
{
    int i,index1,index2;
    for(i=strlen(str)-1;i>=0;i--)
        if(str[i-1]<str[i])
            break;

    index1=i-1;
    index2=findMinimum(str,index1);
    swap(str,index1,index2);
    qsort(str+index1+1,strlen(str)-index1-1,sizeof(char),compare);
}

void printPermutations(char str[]) //to print all permutations of a string.
{
    int i;
    long long numberOfPermutations;
    numberOfPermutations=findNumberOfPermutations(str);
    qsort((void*)str,strlen(str),sizeof(char),compare);
    for(i=0;i<numberOfPermutations;i++)
    {
        printf("%d -> %s\n",i+1,str);
        if(i==numberOfPermutations-1)
            break;
        findNextPermutation(str);
    }
}

int main()
{
    char str[10000];
    printf("\nEnter the string:");
    scanf("%s",str);
    printPermutations(str);
    return 0;
}

****************************************************************

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